Data Consistency in Multi-Region Deployments#

When you replicate data across regions, you are forced to choose between consistency, latency, and availability. You cannot have all three. Every multi-region system makes this tradeoff explicitly or, more dangerously, implicitly by ignoring it until production exposes the consequences.

The Fundamental Tension#

Strong consistency means every read sees the most recent write, regardless of which region it comes from. This requires cross-region coordination on every write (30-100ms per round trip). Eventual consistency means reads might see stale data, but replicas converge given enough time – usually milliseconds to seconds, but during partitions it can be minutes.